Employment & HR Legal — 6 Services (Work Permit · HR Policy · Termination · Harassment · Expat · Labor Court)

Employment, HR & work permit reference — 380 answers

Compiled from the Labour Protection Act B.E. 2541, the Emergency Decree on Managing the Work of Aliens B.E. 2560 (as amended), and published requirements of the Department of Employment, Ministry of Labour, BOI, Social Security Office and the Labour Court, as cited on each service page. Government fees are official rates passed through at cost; stated durations are estimates that depend on authority queues.

• Q14002. Work Permit & BOI Compliance Audit — Foreign-Worker Legal Health Check — what does the service cover?

  12-point audit: WP↔BOI matching, position sync, 4:1 Thai:foreign ratio, registered capital, SSO, PIT, 40 prohibited occupations (2022 Royal Decree) — full report + remediation THB 45,000. Sources: https://www.boi.go.th/index.php?page=work_visa , https://www.doe.go.th/prd/alien

• Q14004. How much does Work Permit & BOI Compliance Audit cost and how long does it take?

  From THB 45,000; turnaround 5 business days. Government fees (Department of Employment, Labour Court, Social Security Office) are set by those authorities and passed through at cost.

• Q14010. How severe are the penalties?

  Employing an unlicensed foreigner: employer THB 100,000–800,000/person (Emergency Decree 2017 §102), foreigner THB 5,000–50,000 + deportation + 2-year re-entry ban.

• Q14011. Real Thai:foreign ratio?

  Default 4:1 with THB 2M registered capital per foreigner + SSO enrolment. BOI A1/A2 may waive but require 6-monthly reporting.

• Q14012. What are the 40 prohibited occupations?

  2022 Royal Decree bars foreigners from 40 occupations outright (hair-cutting, driving, street retail…) and conditions 27 more (Thai partner / special permit).

• Q14013. Audit duration?

  5 business days: day 1 kick-off + document request; days 2–3 WP/BOI/SSO/PIT review; day 4 site visit + HR interviews; day 5 25–35-page report + remediation timeline.

• Q14014. What comes first after remediation?

  1) File WP.10 amendments within 15 days (penalty tiering); 2) Sync BOI positions with DOE; 3) Back-pay SSO+PIT (3-year lookback); 4) Roll out HR policy pack to prevent recurrence.

• Q14016. HR Policy Drafting — 12-Document Pack under the Thai Labour Protection Act — what does the service cover?

  Full pack: (1) work rules (2) code of conduct (3) WFH (4) PDPA employee notice (5) whistleblower (6) sexual harassment (7) grievance (8) welfare committee (9) OSH (10) OT (11) leave (12) disciplinary — DOE filing in 21 days. Sources: https://www.mol.go.th/en/employee/labour_protection_act , https://www.ilo.org/asia/countries/thailand/lang--en/index.htm

• Q14018. How much does HR Policy Drafting cost and how long does it take?

  From THB 65,000; turnaround 21 business days. Government fees (Department of Employment, Labour Court, Social Security Office) are set by those authorities and passed through at cost.

• Q14024. Which companies must file work rules?

  ≥10 employees must file work rules with DOE within 15 days of adoption (LPA §108). Fine up to THB 20,000 for non-filing.

• Q14025. How do the 12 documents interlock?

  Doc 1 is the master; docs 2–12 are cross-referenced annexes. Clear rules reduce Labour Court awards by 30–45% because discipline is easier to justify.

• Q14026. What must a WFH policy contain?

  WFH Act 2023: (1) ≤ 8 working hours (2) ≥ 1-hr break (3) right to disconnect (4) IT/PDPA controls (5) remote OSH (6) expense reimbursement (7) normal notice on termination.

• Q14027. PDPA employee notice vs privacy policy?

  PDPA employee notice must state: (a) HR data categories (b) legal basis: contract/legitimate interest/consent (c) sharing with SSO/RD/insurers (d) 10-year retention (e) DPO contact.

• Q14028. What's included?

  (1) 12 docs bilingual (2) kick-off + 2 revisions (3) DOE filing (4) 12-month free updates if the law changes (5) 2-hr staff training.

• Q14030. Termination & Severance Legal Audit — Dismissal Review + Statutory Payout Calculation — what does the service cover?

  8-point audit: (1) dismissal type (2) just cause under LPA §119 (3) severance 30–400 days (4) payment-in-lieu (5) accrued OT/leave (6) unfair dismissal (7) non-compete enforceability (8) mutual release — legal opinion THB 22,000/case. Sources: https://www.mol.go.th/en/employee/labour_protection_act , https://www.coj.go.th/th/content/category/detail/id/8/cid/23

• Q14032. How much does Termination & Severance Legal Audit cost and how long does it take?

  From THB 22,000 per case; turnaround 3 business days. Government fees (Department of Employment, Labour Court, Social Security Office) are set by those authorities and passed through at cost.

• Q14038. How is statutory severance calculated?

  LPA §118: <120 days = nil; 120 d–1 y = 30 days; 1–3 y = 90; 3–6 y = 180; 6–10 y = 240; 10–20 y = 300; ≥20 y = 400 days (2019 amendment). Based on latest average wage.

• Q14039. What is 'just cause' under §119?

  6 cases: (1) dishonesty / wilful crime (2) intentional harm to employer (3) gross negligence (4) serious rule breach (5) 3 consecutive days absent (6) imprisonment.

• Q14040. What does 61% plaintiff win-rate mean?

  Central Labour Court 2021–2023 data: employees win unfair-dismissal claims 61% of the time with average awards 2.3× statutory. Audit-driven prep drops employer risk to ~12%.

• Q14041. Are non-competes enforceable in Thailand?

  Yes if (a) legitimate reason (b) area-limited (c) ≤2-year term (d) consideration paid (e) doesn't destroy livelihood (Civil Code §150 + Supreme Court 3277/2542). Otherwise courts scale down or void.

• Q14042. Mutual release vs resignation?

  Resignation = unilateral, no severance. Mutual release = bilateral settlement with ex-gratia + full waiver. Enforceable if signed voluntarily with counsel review.

• Q14044. Workplace Harassment Investigation — LPA §16 Independent Internal Investigation — what does the service cover?

  15-day process: (1) intake + safety plan (2) evidence preservation (3) 5–10 witness interviews (4) 25–40-page admissible report (5) disciplinary recommendation (6) mediation if apt — THB 85,000/case. Sources: https://www.mol.go.th/en/employee/labour_protection_act , https://www.ilo.org/asia/countries/thailand/lang--en/index.htm

• Q14046. How much does Workplace Harassment Investigation cost and how long does it take?

  From THB 85,000 per case; turnaround 15 business days. Government fees (Department of Employment, Labour Court, Social Security Office) are set by those authorities and passed through at cost.

• Q14052. What does LPA §16 mandate?

  Prohibits sexual harassment or abuse of power against any employee. Employers who know but do nothing are treated as implicitly consenting — exposed to criminal + civil + unlimited damages.

• Q14053. Why external counsel?

  In-house HR reports face court bias-challenges; external-counsel reports carry attorney-client privilege, are admissible, and reduce employer liability by ~55% (ILO 2022).

• Q14054. Whistleblower protection?

  (1) Whistleblower Protection Act 2022 bars retaliation (2) reporting line separated from direct supervisor (3) name kept confidential (4) anti-retaliation clause in contract (5) anonymous 3rd-party channel.

• Q14055. What evidence is court-admissible?

  (1) Documented chain-of-custody (2) forensic device images (3) sworn interview transcripts (4) contemporaneous notes (5) expert reports (6) hash-verified digital evidence — per CCP §226/1-3.

• Q14056. Six possible outcomes?

  (1) Substantiated + termination (2) substantiated + lesser discipline (3) partially substantiated (4) unsubstantiated but preventive action (5) counter-claim confirmed (6) mediation + mutual release.

• Q14058. Expat Employment Contract — Bilingual Contract + Repatriation + Tax-Equalization Pack — what does the service cover?

  8 documents: (1) bilingual contract (2) IAL (3) housing addendum (4) tax equalization (5) repatriation (6) mobility POA (7) PDPA notice (8) non-compete + IP assignment — THB 55,000. Sources: https://www.mol.go.th/en/employee/labour_protection_act , https://www.boi.go.th/index.php?page=work_visa

• Q14060. How much does Expat Employment Contract cost and how long does it take?

  From THB 55,000; turnaround 7 business days. Government fees (Department of Employment, Labour Court, Social Security Office) are set by those authorities and passed through at cost.

• Q14066. How does an expat contract differ from a Thai contract?

  (1) bilingual (2) currency clause (3) tax equalization (4) home leave (5) repatriation (6) IAL naming home/host entity (7) split payroll possible (8) LPA still sets the minimum floor.

• Q14067. How does tax equalization work?

  Employer grosses up so net pay equals home-country net. E.g. home US 35% → host TH 30%: employer covers the differential. DTAs across 60+ countries prevent double taxation.

• Q14068. Is a housing allowance taxable?

  Yes, under Revenue Code §40(1). Exemptions: (a) employer-provided housing (b) qualifying housing loan interest (c) first 5 years under BOI (Notification 2/2557).

• Q14069. What's in a repatriation clause?

  (1) family return flights + 20 kg shipping (2) right-to-return job spec (3) severance formula (4) tax finalisation (5) property disposition (6) work-permit cancellation.

• Q14070. Any special IP clauses?

  Yes: (1) work-for-hire (Copyright Act §12) (2) individual IP assignment (3) present + future rights (4) moral rights waiver (5) publication restrictions (6) 3-year trade-secret NDA survival.

• Q14072. Labor Court Litigation — Central + 12 Regional Labour Courts Representation — what does the service cover?

  Full cycle: intake + pleadings + 2 hearings + closing brief + first-instance judgment in 8–14 months; Labour Appeals Chamber 6–10 months. Success fee 5–8% on top of retainer if won. Sources: https://www.mol.go.th/en/employee/labour_protection_act , https://www.coj.go.th/th/content/category/detail/id/8/cid/23

• Q14074. How much does Labor Court Litigation cost and how long does it take?

  From THB 150,000 per case; turnaround 8–14 months (first instance). Government fees (Department of Employment, Labour Court, Social Security Office) are set by those authorities and passed through at cost.

• Q14080. Labour Court vs Civil Court?

  (1) No court fees (2) lay judges from both employer + employee sides (3) fast: 8–14 months vs civil 2–4 years (4) evidentiary rules relaxed (5) dismissals rarer.

• Q14081. Limitation periods?

  Unfair dismissal + LPA severance = 10 years (Civil Code §193/30); unpaid wages = 2 years (§193/34); tort damages = 1 year from discovery; discrimination = 1 year (Gender Equality Act 2015).

• Q14082. How do appeals work?

  Pre-2022: appeals on law only to Supreme Court. From 2022: dedicated Labour Appeals Chamber hears fact + law within 30 days. Second appeal to Supreme Court needs presidential leave.

• Q14083. Must success fees be disclosed?

  Yes. Lawyers Council Rules 2017: success fee % must be written in the retainer, capped at 20% of the sum in dispute, and invoiced item-by-item.

• Q14084. Best evidence in Labour Court?

  (1) time-stamped LINE/email (2) attendance records (3) 12-month payslips (4) contract + amendments (5) DOE-registered work rules (6) current-employee witnesses (less bias than ex-employees).

• Q14086. New Thai Work Permit (WP.10 / TT.3) — Non-B Visa + Work Permit Bundle — key steps and requirements

  A new work permit is filed on TT.3 or WP.3 at the Department of Employment (DOE) — or the BOI One Stop Service Center for BOI-promoted employers. Key requirements: fresh company certificate (≤30 days), THB 2M registered capital per foreigner, 4:1 Thai-staff ratio (BOI/EEC exempt), position not on the 39-occupation prohibited list (RA on Foreign Employment B.E. 2560), nationality-based minimum salary (JP EUR 50k, ASEAN 25–35k). Bundled with Non-B visa. 15–30 business days; state fees THB 3,000–6,000; service from THB 18,000. Sources: https://www.doe.go.th/ , https://www.mol.go.th/

• Q14088. New Thai Work Permit (WP.10 / TT.3) — Non-B Visa + Work Permit Bundle — turnaround and starting fee?

  Turnaround 15–30 business days; service from THB 18,000. Work-permit government fees follow the Department of Employment schedule and are passed through at cost.

• Q14097. Must the foreigner hold a Non-B visa before applying?

  Yes — enter on Non-Immigrant B (either from a Thai embassy abroad or after an in-country change from Tourist with pre-approved WP.3). Then file TT.3 at the DOE.

• Q14098. Is the THB 2M capital declared or paid-in?

  Paid-in — proof of paid share capital via corporate bank account and receipts, submitted with a current bank statement.

• Q14099. What's on the 39-occupation prohibited list?

  Includes agriculture, gem cutting, barbering, clerical, tour guide, most construction (engineers/architects exempt), retail in fresh markets, and more (RA on Foreign Employment B.E. 2560, List 1).

• Q14100. Does BOI really waive the 4:1 Thai-staff ratio?

  Yes — BOI companies are exempt from both the 4:1 ratio and headcount cap (up to the BOI certificate allowance under s.25). Submit the BOI Certificate and Investment Promotion Approval.

• Q14101. Minimum salary by nationality?

  Japan/US/EU/Canada/Australia: THB 50,000. Korea/Singapore/Taiwan/HK: 45,000. China: 35,000. India/Indonesia/Philippines/Vietnam/Malaysia: 25,000. Africa/Middle East: 25,000 (MOL Notification, B.E. 2560).

• Q14102. Can I convert from a Tourist visa in-country?

  Two paths: (1) Change at Chaeng Wattana Immigration after DOE issues WP.3 pre-approval; (2) exit to a neighbour (Laos/Cambodia), obtain Non-B at the Thai embassy, and re-enter (Path 2 is safer).

• Q14103. Do digital nomads paid from overseas need a WP?

  Yes — 'work' under the 2017 RA includes activity performed in Thailand regardless of payer. New alternative: DTV (Destination Thailand Visa, 2024), 180 days extendable to 1 year, no WP required.

• Q14104. State fees and validity?

  3 mo THB 750 · 6 mo 1,500 · 1 yr 3,000 · 2 yr 6,000 (WP.10 max 2 years, renewable in 2-year blocks with no cap).

• Q14106. Work Permit Renewal + Visa Extension — File 30–60 Days Before Expiry — key steps and requirements

  File 30–60 days before expiry on TT.5 at DOE with 3 months of PND.1 withholding, prior-year PND.91, 3 months SSO, latest financials, and payslips. After WP renewal, extend Non-B on TM.7 at Immigration and stamp multiple re-entry. State fees: WP THB 3,000–6,000, TM.7 THB 1,900, multiple re-entry THB 3,800. Service from THB 12,000. Sources: https://www.doe.go.th/ , https://www.immigration.go.th/

• Q14108. Work Permit Renewal + Visa Extension — File 30–60 Days Before Expiry — turnaround and starting fee?

  Turnaround 7–15 business days; service from THB 12,000. Work-permit government fees follow the Department of Employment schedule and are passed through at cost.

• Q14117. How early can I file the renewal?

  30–60 days before expiry. Late filing incurs THB 1,000/day (max THB 20,000) and can trigger WP cancellation, requiring a new application.

• Q14118. Why must I show PND.1 and SSO?

  DOE verifies actual employment via monthly withholding tax and social-security contributions. Mismatches with the contract cause rejection.

• Q14119. Can I renew the visa before renewing the WP?

  No — the WP must be renewed first; a valid WP is a precondition for TM.7 Non-B extension.

• Q14120. Do I need to notify DOE of a salary increase?

  Yes — file TT.9 (Amendment) with the updated contract and pay-raise notice before the renewal, to avoid back-tax exposure.

• Q14121. 1-year vs 2-year renewal?

  Both cost the same total (THB 6,000). Two years reduces paperwork frequency and suits BOI / stable firms; SMEs often prefer 1 year for flexibility.

• Q14122. Do I still file 90-day reports during a renewal?

  Yes — 90-day reporting (TM.47) is independent and continues even while WP/visa are being renewed.

• Q14123. What if the company changes address during the renewal cycle?

  File TT.6 (Change of Address) at DOE before renewal with the new tabien baan, lease, Google Map, and shopfront photos.

• Q14124. Is 5% SSO deducted from every expat?

  Yes — every WP holder contributes 5% of salary (max THB 750/month), matched by the employer. Covers healthcare and old-age. BOI expats may opt for voluntary withdrawal upon termination.

• Q14126. Work Permit Amendment (TT.9) — Change Position, Employer, Workplace — key steps and requirements

  WP holders must file TT.9 within 15 days of a change to: (1) position, (2) employer (previous WP must be cancelled and a new one issued), (3) primary workplace, (4) additional workplaces, (5) salary, or (6) job type. Non-notification carries up to THB 100,000 fine (RA on Foreign Employment B.E. 2560, s.70). State fee THB 1,000/item; service THB 6,000; 5–7 business days. Sources: https://www.doe.go.th/ , https://www.boi.go.th/

• Q14128. Work Permit Amendment (TT.9) — Change Position, Employer, Workplace — turnaround and starting fee?

  Turnaround 5–7 business days; service from THB 6,000. Work-permit government fees follow the Department of Employment schedule and are passed through at cost.

• Q14137. Do I need to cancel the old WP when changing employer?

  Yes — Thai law has no direct transfer. The former employer files WP.13 (cancellation) within 15 days, then the new employer files a new TT.3. The Non-B must still be valid.

• Q14138. Could the Non-B visa lapse during the employer switch?

  Possibly — the Non-B is auto-cancelled 30 days after WP cancellation. Secure the new WP.3 and extend Non-B at Immigration before the 30-day window. Plan 2 months ahead.

• Q14139. Can I hold two concurrent WPs?

  Yes — one WP per employer (Multiple WP). Each employer must independently meet the THB 2M capital and 4:1 staff ratio (BOI exempt).

• Q14140. How do I add a branch workplace?

  File TT.9 with branch address + commercial branch registration + lease/tabien baan. Once approved, the WP will list both HQ and branch.

• Q14141. Does promotion from Manager to Director affect BOI?

  Possibly — BOI certificates cap positions per level (Executive/Manager/Skilled). Amend the BOI Position List at OSSC before filing TT.9.

• Q14142. Must a salary increase be filed immediately?

  Yes — within 15 days so PND.1 and SSO align. DOE cross-checks at renewal; mismatches can block approval.

• Q14143. How do I change the registered company address?

  Two filings: (1) DBD notice of company-address change; (2) DOE TT.9 with the updated DBD certificate, new lease, Google Map, and photos.

• Q14144. How are TT.9 fees calculated?

  THB 1,000 per amendment item. Three simultaneous changes (position + salary + workplace) = THB 3,000.

• Q14146. Work Permit Cancellation (WP.13) — Termination, Resignation, Closure — key steps and requirements

  When a foreign employee resigns, is dismissed, or the company closes, the employer must file WP.13 (cancellation) at DOE within 15 days — fine up to THB 100,000 (RA on Foreign Employment B.E. 2560 s.72). Steps: (1) termination letter with statutory severance; (2) return the blue WP booklet; (3) notify Immigration to void the Non-B within 30 days; (4) close SSO. The expat retains 7–24 days of legal stay depending on visa type. Service from THB 5,000. Sources: https://www.doe.go.th/ , https://www.immigration.go.th/

• Q14148. Work Permit Cancellation (WP.13) — Termination, Resignation, Closure — turnaround and starting fee?

  Turnaround 3–5 business days; service from THB 5,000. Work-permit government fees follow the Department of Employment schedule and are passed through at cost.

• Q14157. Penalty for missing the 15-day deadline?

  Up to THB 100,000 (RA on Foreign Employment B.E. 2560 s.72). DOE will flag the company Non-Compliant, jeopardising future WP applications for other staff.

• Q14158. How long can the expat stay after cancellation?

  Non-B is voided 30 days after WP cancellation. Immigration usually stamps 7 days of grace to depart (24 days in some Change-to-Non-O cases).

• Q14159. What must an employer return when an expat resigns?

  (1) Blue WP booklet; (2) resignation letter; (3) Certificate of Employment — required within 7 days under Labour Act s.14/1.

• Q14160. Do I have to cancel before moving to a new employer?

  Yes — old employer files WP.13 first; the new employer then files a fresh TT.3 (see 'amendment' leaf for the full switch flow).

• Q14161. Company closure — cancel all WPs first?

  Yes — every expat's WP must be cancelled before dissolution at DBD, plus statutory severance and closure of SSO contributions.

• Q14162. Severance for terminated expats?

  Same as Thai staff under the Labour Protection Act: 120 days–1 yr = 30 days pay · 1–3 yr = 90 · 3–6 yr = 180 · 6–10 yr = 240 · 10–20 yr = 300 · 20+ = 400 (except gross misconduct).

• Q14163. Can the expat reclaim SSO contributions?

  Yes — file SSO 6-07 at the SSO office for Voluntary Withdrawal (Old-Age Lump Sum) with interest, wired to a Thai or overseas account.

• Q14164. What if the expat has disappeared?

  Employer files WP.13 with a police report and explanation; DOE cancels, and Immigration flags overstay if the person doesn't report.

• Q14166. 90-Day Report (TM.47) — Online, Chaeng Wattana, Provincial Offices — key steps and requirements

  Every Non-Immigrant visa holder (B / O / O-A / O-X / LTR / DTV / Ed) present continuously for 90+ days must report their current address every 90 days via: (1) online at extension.immigration.go.th (15 days before deadline); (2) registered mail (15 days before); or (3) in-person at Chaeng Wattana / provincial Immigration (15 days before to 7 days after). Late fine THB 2,000, or THB 5,000 if apprehended. Documents: TM.47, passport, visa page, TM.6 (if any), landlord's TM.30. Service THB 1,500 online, THB 3,000 walk-in. Sources: https://www.immigration.go.th/

• Q14168. 90-Day Report (TM.47) — Online, Chaeng Wattana, Provincial Offices — turnaround and starting fee?

  Turnaround Same-day filing; service from THB 1,500. Work-permit government fees follow the Department of Employment schedule and are passed through at cost.

• Q14177. Does leaving Thailand reset the 90-day counter?

  Yes — the most recent entry-stamp date restarts the 90-day cycle, even after a single overnight border run.

• Q14178. What if the online portal is down?

  File 15 days early as a buffer. If still down, use registered mail (postmarked ≥7 days before deadline); if past deadline, walk-in within 7 days late and pay the THB 2,000 fine.

• Q14179. Must I attach TM.30 (landlord notification)?

  Recommended — TM.30 is the landlord/hotel duty; some offices check TM.30 before accepting TM.47. If missing, file TM.30 retroactively at the same office.

• Q14180. Where do I report if I live in a province?

  At the provincial Immigration office (no need to travel to Chaeng Wattana) — or online from anywhere in Thailand.

• Q14181. I have a multiple re-entry permit — why still report every 90 days?

  Different rules — the re-entry permit protects visa continuity across departures; 90-day reporting is a residency notification under Immigration Act B.E. 2522 s.37(5).

• Q14182. Do LTR holders file 90-day reports?

  No — LTR requires only an Annual Report at Immigration or BOI (LTR Emergency Decree B.E. 2565 privileges).

• Q14183. DTV visa — is 90-day reporting required?

  Yes — DTV is a Non-Immigrant category (180-day multiple entry). If you stay 90+ days continuously within one entry, you must report.

• Q14184. Do you file online remotely or walk-in?

  Both — online THB 1,500 (documents by email); walk-in THB 3,000 (we carry documents to Chaeng Wattana — expat does not need to attend).

• Q14186. Re-Entry Permit (TM.8) — Single / Multiple Trip · Preserve Visa — key steps and requirements

  Non-Immigrant visa holders (B / O / O-A / O-X — LTR exempt) must obtain a Re-Entry Permit (TM.8) before leaving Thailand; otherwise the visa is voided on departure. Two types: (1) Single re-entry THB 1,000; (2) Multiple re-entry THB 3,800 (unlimited trips until visa expiry). File at: Chaeng Wattana (same-day), provincial Immigration (1–3 days), or BKK/DMK airport counters (30 min). Documents: TM.8, passport, TM.6, WP (if any), 4×6 photo. Service from THB 800. Sources: https://www.immigration.go.th/

• Q14188. Re-Entry Permit (TM.8) — Single / Multiple Trip · Preserve Visa — turnaround and starting fee?

  Turnaround 30 min (airport) – 1 day (Immigration); service from THB 800. Work-permit government fees follow the Department of Employment schedule and are passed through at cost.

• Q14197. Forgot to get Re-Entry before flying?

  Get it at the airport Immigration counter before check-in (BKK Terminal 2 Level 4, DMK Terminal 1 Level 3, 24/7). Same fee — Single THB 1,000.

• Q14198. Difference from a Multiple Entry visa?

  A ME visa is issued abroad and permits unlimited entries during its validity. A Re-Entry Permit is used with Single Entry visas or extensions to preserve the extension when leaving.

• Q14199. Extension of Stay vs Re-Entry?

  Extension of Stay is the permission to remain (from TM.7). Re-Entry keeps that extension alive when you leave. A 1-year Extension + Multiple Re-Entry is the most cost-effective combo.

• Q14200. Any cheaper alternative?

  No — fees are set by ministerial regulation B.E. 2522 (revised 2016): Single THB 1,000, Multiple THB 3,800. Airport pricing is identical.

• Q14201. How long is the Re-Entry Permit valid?

  Until the underlying visa / extension expires — e.g. if the extension has 8 months left, the multiple re-entry works for those 8 months. A new extension requires a new re-entry permit.

• Q14202. LTR visa — need Re-Entry?

  No — LTR includes 10 years of multiple entries (LTR Emergency Decree B.E. 2565, s.6.2), and no 90-day reporting either.

• Q14203. Does an APEC ABTC replace Re-Entry?

  No — ABTC covers entry to member APEC economies only; Non-B / extension holders in Thailand still need TM.8.

• Q14204. Children / infants — separate Re-Entry?

  Yes — any minor with their own passport needs the TM.8 stamped in their own passport regardless of age.

• Q14206. Thai Residence Certificate — For Driving License, Bank Account, Vehicle — key steps and requirements

  The Residence Certificate is an Immigration-issued proof of your address in Thailand, required for: (1) driving licence at DLT (Motor Vehicle Act s.44); (2) opening bank accounts (KBank / SCB / BBL / UOB / Krungsri); (3) vehicle registration; (4) marriage registration at the amphur; (5) foreign-name condo purchase. Filed at Chaeng Wattana or provincial Immigration; free for Non-Immigrant visa holders; 1–3 business days (some offices 30 min). Documents: passport, visa, TM.6, TM.30, lease/deed. Service THB 2,500 (some embassies issue their own faster). Sources: https://www.immigration.go.th/

• Q14208. Thai Residence Certificate — For Driving License, Bank Account, Vehicle — turnaround and starting fee?

  Turnaround 1–3 business days; service from THB 2,500. Work-permit government fees follow the Department of Employment schedule and are passed through at cost.

• Q14217. Can the embassy issue Residence Certificates?

  Some can (US, UK, AU, DE issue same-day for THB 1,000–3,000). Others cannot (JP, KR, FR) — Immigration is the only source.

• Q14218. Do I need TM.30 first?

  Yes — Immigration will not issue a Residence Certificate unless the landlord's TM.30 is current.

• Q14219. How long is it valid?

  30 days from issuance. Some DLT/bank offices accept up to 60 days; safest to use within 30.

• Q14220. Any faster route?

  Chaeng Wattana usually 3 days; some provincial offices 1 day; US Embassy Bangkok 24 h (book online). Notaries public cannot issue it (not a state document).

• Q14221. Immigration fee?

  Free for Non-Immigrant / LTR holders. The THB 2,500 covers full-service filing on your behalf, without needing to visit yourself.

• Q14222. Can LTR holders get one?

  Yes — even easier. Wealthy Global Citizens / Pensioners use the BOI OSSC Fast Track for same-day issuance (LTR Emergency Decree B.E. 2565 s.7.1).

• Q14223. Does DLT really require it for a driving licence?

  Yes — DLT requires either a Residence Certificate or an embassy Certificate of Address, plus a medical certificate (and employment certificate if you hold a WP).

• Q14224. How is it used to open a KBank / other Thai account?

  Passport (identity) + Residence Certificate (address proof) + Non-Immigrant visa + WP (if any) + payslip / THB 200k deposit (some banks). Full package opens accounts in ~30 minutes.

• Q14226. Employment Certificate + SSO History + Payslip — For Visa, Bank, Government — key steps and requirements

  Five commonly requested employment documents: (1) Bilingual Certificate of Employment — for Schengen/UK visa, bank account, loan; (2) 12-month SSO history (SSO 6-11) — issued in 30 min; (3) 3–12 months of payslips signed and stamped by HR; (4) PND.1 individual withholding certificate — confirms salary; (5) PND.91 tax certificate from the Revenue Department (3 business days). Service THB 2,500–4,500 depending on volume; 1–5 business days; add Notary + Legalization for overseas filings. Sources: https://www.mol.go.th/ , https://www.sso.go.th/

• Q14228. Employment Certificate + SSO History + Payslip — For Visa, Bank, Government — turnaround and starting fee?

  Turnaround 1–5 business days; service from THB 2,500. Work-permit government fees follow the Department of Employment schedule and are passed through at cost.

• Q14237. What form does Schengen accept?

  English Certificate of Employment showing: (1) position, (2) start date, (3) salary, (4) approved leave dates, (5) return-to-work date; signed by HR/Director with company seal, plus 3 months of payslips and 3 months bank statements.

• Q14238. Where do I request SSO history?

  At the SSO branch of the company's registration area, or online via sso.go.th (register once for e-SSO).

• Q14239. What if an expat has no SSO?

  Every WP-holding expat is legally required to contribute — no SSO = labour-law violation. Some BOI-approved cases can substitute private insurance if the BOI certificate specifies the exemption.

• Q14240. PND.91 vs a payslip?

  PND.91 is the annual personal income tax filing (Jan–Mar). It's the most credible income proof — banks/embassies rank it higher than payslips. Request the 'Certificate of Tax Paid' at the local Revenue office.

• Q14241. Bilingual certificate vs Thai + translation?

  Bilingual = one HR-signed document in both languages with company seal (immediately usable). Translation = separate Thai original + English rendering (requires Notary or certified translator for overseas acceptance).

• Q14242. Former employer refuses to issue after resignation?

  Labour Act s.14/1 obliges the employer to issue a Certificate of Employment within 7 days. Refusal can be enforced via the Department of Labour Protection (DLPW); most HR teams comply within 3–5 days.

• Q14243. What payslip do banks accept?

  Payslips showing company name, employee name, period, income items (salary/OT/bonus), deductions (SSO/tax/other), HR signature + company seal, and net pay. If system-printed, include a verifiable QR code.

• Q14244. Notary + Legalization for overseas use?

  Often required (Japan/India/Australia yes; Schengen/UK no). NYC Legal handles Notary + MFA Legalization + Embassy Legalization end-to-end.

• Q14246. Regular Work Permit (Department of Employment) (WP-1) — who is eligible?

  ต่างชาติที่ถือ Non-B/Non-B-A/Non-O (marriage) และมีนายจ้างไทย (บริษัท/ห้างหุ้นส่วน) · บริษัทต้องมีทุนจดทะเบียนชำระแล้ว ≥ 2 ล้านบาท/ต่างชาติ 1 คน (BOI ยกเว้น) · พนักงานไทย ≥ 4 คน/ต่างชาติ 1 คน · ห้าม 40 อาชีพสงวน (ค้าปลีก/ตัดผม/ขับแท็กซี่ ฯลฯ) Issuing authority: กรมการจัดหางาน (DoE) กระทรวงแรงงาน · ยื่นที่สำนักงานจัดหางานเขต/จังหวัด

• Q14248. Regular Work Permit (Department of Employment) — processing time, validity and government fee?

  Processing 7 วันทำการ (ยื่นเอกสารครบ) · 15-30 วันหากต้องแก้ไข; validity 1 ปี (ต่ออายุปีละครั้งพร้อม Non-B) · WP หมดอายุพร้อม visa หรือ 1 ปี — แล้วแต่อย่างใดถึงก่อน; official fee 3,100฿/ปี (3,000 ค่า WP + 100 ค่าคำขอ) · เปลี่ยนนายจ้าง 3,000฿ · เพิ่มตำแหน่ง 1,000฿ — passed through at cost.

• Q14254. BOI Work Permit · One-Stop Service Center (WP-BOI) — who is eligible?

  บริษัทที่ได้รับ BOI Certificate (บัตรส่งเสริม) · ต่างชาติที่มีตำแหน่งอยู่ในโครงการ BOI ที่อนุมัติ · ครอบคลุม CEO/CFO/CTO/Engineer/Specialist ที่ BOI อนุมัติในโครงการ · ไม่ต้องคำนึงถึงสัดส่วน 4:1 (พนง.ไทย/ต่างชาติ) Issuing authority: BOI One-Stop Service Center (OSOS · ชั้น 18 อาคาร Chamchuri Square) · ร่วมกับ ตม.+DoE ในที่เดียว

• Q14256. BOI Work Permit · One-Stop Service Center — processing time, validity and government fee?

  Processing 3 ชั่วโมง (WP + Visa + 90-day) ในวันเดียวที่ OSOS · หรือ 3 วันทำการหากเอกสารต้องแก้ไข; validity สูงสุด 2 ปี (BOI อนุมัติเป็นระยะๆ) · ต่ออายุที่ OSOS · Non-B/BOI ต่อเนื่อง; official fee 3,100฿/ปี (เท่า WP-1) · แต่ไม่มีค่าเซอร์วิสอื่น — passed through at cost.

• Q14262. Smart Visa (WP-Embedded) (Smart WP) — who is eligible?

  ต่างชาติในอุตสาหกรรม S-Curve (13 หมวด BOI target) · Smart-T (Talent) รายได้ ≥ 100k฿/เดือน + endorsement · Smart-I (Investor) 20M฿ · Smart-E (Executive) 200k฿ + 10 ปีประสบการณ์ · Smart-S (Startup) DEPA/NIA endorsement + capital 600k฿ Issuing authority: หน่วยงาน endorse: NSTDA (Talent), DEPA (Startup), TCELS (BioTech), NIA (Startup), BOI (Investor/Executive) · Smart Visa Unit at BOI

• Q14264. Smart Visa (WP-Embedded) — processing time, validity and government fee?

  Processing 30-45 วัน (endorsement 20 วัน + Smart Visa 15 วัน); validity Smart-T: สูงสุด 4 ปี · Smart-I: 4 ปี · Smart-E: 4 ปี · Smart-S: 1 ปี ต่อได้ 2+2 ปี; official fee 10,000฿/ปี (Smart Visa) · WP รวมอยู่ในตัว 0฿ · ต่ออายุ 10,000฿ — passed through at cost.

• Q14270. LTR Digital Work Permit (LTR e-WP) — who is eligible?

  ผู้ถือ LTR Visa 4 กลุ่ม: Wealthy Global Citizen (WGC), Wealthy Pensioner (WP), Work-from-Thailand Professional (WFTP), Highly-Skilled Professional (HSP) · เฉพาะ WFTP และ HSP ที่ได้ e-WP · WGC/WP ไม่จำเป็น (ไม่ทำงานให้บริษัทไทย) Issuing authority: BOI · Long-Term Resident (LTR) Unit · ระบบ ltr.boi.go.th

• Q14272. LTR Digital Work Permit — processing time, validity and government fee?

  Processing 5-7 วันทำการ (ยื่นออนไลน์ผ่าน BOI portal); validity 10 ปี (เท่า LTR Visa) · Digital format · ต่ออายุพร้อม LTR ทุก 5 ปี; official fee รวมอยู่ในค่า LTR 50,000฿/10 ปี · e-WP ไม่มีค่าเพิ่ม (0฿) — passed through at cost.

• Q14278. IEAT/EEC Work Permit (IEAT WP) — who is eligible?

  ต่างชาติที่ทำงานในโรงงานที่ตั้งในนิคมอุตสาหกรรมของ IEAT (60 นิคมทั่วประเทศ) หรือใน EEC 3 จังหวัด · บริษัทต้องได้ 'ใบอนุญาตประกอบกิจการในนิคม' (I-4/I-5) · ครอบคลุม engineer, technician, plant manager, R&D specialist Issuing authority: การนิคมอุตสาหกรรมแห่งประเทศไทย (IEAT) · หรือ EEC Office (Eastern Economic Corridor · Chonburi/Rayong/Chachoengsao) · One-Stop ในนิคม

• Q14280. IEAT/EEC Work Permit — processing time, validity and government fee?

  Processing 3-5 วันทำการ (ที่ IEAT One-Stop ในนิคม) · EEC 3 ชั่วโมง (fast track); validity 2 ปี (IEAT) · 4 ปี (EEC) · ต่ออายุที่ IEAT/EEC Office · Non-B ต่อพร้อมกัน; official fee 3,100-5,000฿/ปี · EEC waive fee สำหรับ 12 target industries — passed through at cost.

• Q14286. United States nationals applying for a Thai work permit — which police clearance is accepted?

  Origin certificate: FBI Identity History Summary (IdHSC). Translation route: EN→TH. A sworn translator is not mandatory, but the translation must be certified per Department of Consular Affairs rules. The country of origin issues Apostilles. Note: the Apostille Convention does not enter into force for Thailand until 28 February 2027, so inbound documents still follow the current embassy/consular legalisation route.

• Q14288. How long does a Thai work permit take for United States nationals?

  From our casework (estimates, not an authority-guaranteed timeline): new filing about 10 business days; renewal about 5 business days. Relevant bilateral instrument: Treaty of Amity 1966 (บริษัท US-majority ยกเว้นสัดส่วนต่างชาติในบางกิจการ). Actual timing depends on Department of Employment queues and document completeness.

• Q14290. Most common filing mistake for United States applicants?

  FBI IdHSC needs US State Dept Apostille before Thailand — channeler-only certification is rejected by MOL.

• Q14292. United Kingdom nationals applying for a Thai work permit — which police clearance is accepted?

  Origin certificate: ACRO Police Certificate. Translation route: EN→TH. A sworn translator is not mandatory, but the translation must be certified per Department of Consular Affairs rules. The country of origin issues Apostilles. Note: the Apostille Convention does not enter into force for Thailand until 28 February 2027, so inbound documents still follow the current embassy/consular legalisation route.

• Q14294. How long does a Thai work permit take for United Kingdom nationals?

  From our casework (estimates, not an authority-guaranteed timeline): new filing about 10 business days; renewal about 5 business days. Actual timing depends on Department of Employment queues and document completeness.

• Q14296. Most common filing mistake for United Kingdom applicants?

  ACRO online must be the sealed hard copy (not digital-only) to receive FCDO Apostille.

• Q14298. Japan nationals applying for a Thai work permit — which police clearance is accepted?

  Origin certificate: Keisatsu-cho / Prefectural Police. Translation route: native→EN→TH. A sworn translator is not mandatory, but the translation must be certified per Department of Consular Affairs rules. The country of origin issues Apostilles. Note: the Apostille Convention does not enter into force for Thailand until 28 February 2027, so inbound documents still follow the current embassy/consular legalisation route.

• Q14300. How long does a Thai work permit take for Japan nationals?

  From our casework (estimates, not an authority-guaranteed timeline): new filing about 12 business days; renewal about 5 business days. Actual timing depends on Department of Employment queues and document completeness.

• Q14302. Most common filing mistake for Japan applicants?

  Japanese police cert arrives in a sealed envelope — MOL officer must open it in person.

• Q14304. South Korea nationals applying for a Thai work permit — which police clearance is accepted?

  Origin certificate: Korean National Police Agency (KNPA). Translation route: native→EN→TH. A sworn translator is not mandatory, but the translation must be certified per Department of Consular Affairs rules. The country of origin issues Apostilles. Note: the Apostille Convention does not enter into force for Thailand until 28 February 2027, so inbound documents still follow the current embassy/consular legalisation route.

• Q14306. How long does a Thai work permit take for South Korea nationals?

  From our casework (estimates, not an authority-guaranteed timeline): new filing about 12 business days; renewal about 5 business days. Actual timing depends on Department of Employment queues and document completeness.

• Q14308. Most common filing mistake for South Korea applicants?

  Must be 'Criminal Investigation Record'; the 'Criminal History Inquiry' short form is refused.

• Q14310. China nationals applying for a Thai work permit — which police clearance is accepted?

  Origin certificate: Notarial certificate 无犯罪记录 from PRC Notary Public. Translation route: native→TH. A sworn translator is not mandatory, but the translation must be certified per Department of Consular Affairs rules. The country of origin issues Apostilles. Note: the Apostille Convention does not enter into force for Thailand until 28 February 2027, so inbound documents still follow the current embassy/consular legalisation route.

• Q14312. How long does a Thai work permit take for China nationals?

  From our casework (estimates, not an authority-guaranteed timeline): new filing about 15 business days; renewal about 7 business days. Actual timing depends on Department of Employment queues and document completeness.

• Q14314. Most common filing mistake for China applicants?

  PRC joined Apostille 7-Nov-2023 but MOL still asks for the red Notary Public seal alongside.

• Q14316. India nationals applying for a Thai work permit — which police clearance is accepted?

  Origin certificate: PCC via Passport Seva / State Police. Translation route: EN→TH. A sworn translator is not mandatory, but the translation must be certified per Department of Consular Affairs rules. The country of origin issues Apostilles. Note: the Apostille Convention does not enter into force for Thailand until 28 February 2027, so inbound documents still follow the current embassy/consular legalisation route.

• Q14318. How long does a Thai work permit take for India nationals?

  From our casework (estimates, not an authority-guaranteed timeline): new filing about 15 business days; renewal about 7 business days. Actual timing depends on Department of Employment queues and document completeness.

• Q14320. Most common filing mistake for India applicants?

  Passport-Seva PCC must be MEA-Apostilled in Delhi; direct state-police certificates are rejected.

• Q14322. Germany nationals applying for a Thai work permit — which police clearance is accepted?

  Origin certificate: Führungszeugnis (BZR). Translation route: native→TH. A sworn translation is required. The country of origin issues Apostilles. Note: the Apostille Convention does not enter into force for Thailand until 28 February 2027, so inbound documents still follow the current embassy/consular legalisation route.

• Q14324. How long does a Thai work permit take for Germany nationals?

  From our casework (estimates, not an authority-guaranteed timeline): new filing about 15 business days; renewal about 7 business days. Actual timing depends on Department of Employment queues and document completeness.

• Q14326. Most common filing mistake for Germany applicants?

  Requires sworn translator (vereidigter Übersetzer) — generic translation-agency output is rejected.

• Q14328. France nationals applying for a Thai work permit — which police clearance is accepted?

  Origin certificate: Bulletin n°3 (Casier judiciaire). Translation route: native→TH. A sworn translation is required. The country of origin issues Apostilles. Note: the Apostille Convention does not enter into force for Thailand until 28 February 2027, so inbound documents still follow the current embassy/consular legalisation route.

• Q14330. How long does a Thai work permit take for France nationals?

  From our casework (estimates, not an authority-guaranteed timeline): new filing about 15 business days; renewal about 7 business days. Actual timing depends on Department of Employment queues and document completeness.

• Q14332. Most common filing mistake for France applicants?

  Bulletin n°3 is valid 3 months — Cour d'appel Apostille beyond 60 days forces reissue.

• Q14334. Australia nationals applying for a Thai work permit — which police clearance is accepted?

  Origin certificate: AFP National Police Check (fingerprint). Translation route: EN→TH. A sworn translator is not mandatory, but the translation must be certified per Department of Consular Affairs rules. The country of origin issues Apostilles. Note: the Apostille Convention does not enter into force for Thailand until 28 February 2027, so inbound documents still follow the current embassy/consular legalisation route.

• Q14336. How long does a Thai work permit take for Australia nationals?

  From our casework (estimates, not an authority-guaranteed timeline): new filing about 10 business days; renewal about 5 business days. Actual timing depends on Department of Employment queues and document completeness.

• Q14338. Most common filing mistake for Australia applicants?

  Only AFP fingerprint check is accepted; name-only checks are rejected because AKAs are unchecked.

• Q14340. Singapore nationals applying for a Thai work permit — which police clearance is accepted?

  Origin certificate: Certificate of Clearance (CoC) — SPF. Translation route: EN→TH. A sworn translator is not mandatory, but the translation must be certified per Department of Consular Affairs rules. The country of origin issues Apostilles. Note: the Apostille Convention does not enter into force for Thailand until 28 February 2027, so inbound documents still follow the current embassy/consular legalisation route.

• Q14342. How long does a Thai work permit take for Singapore nationals?

  From our casework (estimates, not an authority-guaranteed timeline): new filing about 10 business days; renewal about 5 business days. Actual timing depends on Department of Employment queues and document completeness.

• Q14344. Most common filing mistake for Singapore applicants?

  CoC is valid 3 months; must be notarised + SAL-legalised before Thai MFA legalisation.

• Q14346. Myanmar nationals applying for a Thai work permit — which police clearance is accepted?

  Origin certificate: MOHA Yangon (walk-in only). Translation route: native→TH. A sworn translator is not mandatory, but the translation must be certified per Department of Consular Affairs rules. The country of origin does not issue Apostilles — embassy legalisation is required. Note: the Apostille Convention does not enter into force for Thailand until 28 February 2027, so inbound documents still follow the current embassy/consular legalisation route.

• Q14348. How long does a Thai work permit take for Myanmar nationals?

  From our casework (estimates, not an authority-guaranteed timeline): new filing about 25 business days; renewal about 10 business days. Actual timing depends on Department of Employment queues and document completeness.

• Q14350. Most common filing mistake for Myanmar applicants?

  Requires embassy chain + dual MFA legalisation (4-step chain); no Apostille shortcut.

• Q14352. Cambodia nationals applying for a Thai work permit — which police clearance is accepted?

  Origin certificate: Ministry of Interior Phnom Penh. Translation route: native→TH. A sworn translator is not mandatory, but the translation must be certified per Department of Consular Affairs rules. The country of origin does not issue Apostilles — embassy legalisation is required. Note: the Apostille Convention does not enter into force for Thailand until 28 February 2027, so inbound documents still follow the current embassy/consular legalisation route.

• Q14354. How long does a Thai work permit take for Cambodia nationals?

  From our casework (estimates, not an authority-guaranteed timeline): new filing about 25 business days; renewal about 10 business days. Actual timing depends on Department of Employment queues and document completeness.

• Q14356. Most common filing mistake for Cambodia applicants?

  MOU-labour route is employer-filed; standard Non-B must prove management-tier role to bypass MOU.

• Q14358. Laos nationals applying for a Thai work permit — which police clearance is accepted?

  Origin certificate: Vientiane Police HQ. Translation route: native→TH. A sworn translator is not mandatory, but the translation must be certified per Department of Consular Affairs rules. The country of origin does not issue Apostilles — embassy legalisation is required. Note: the Apostille Convention does not enter into force for Thailand until 28 February 2027, so inbound documents still follow the current embassy/consular legalisation route.

• Q14360. How long does a Thai work permit take for Laos nationals?

  From our casework (estimates, not an authority-guaranteed timeline): new filing about 25 business days; renewal about 10 business days. Actual timing depends on Department of Employment queues and document completeness.

• Q14362. Most common filing mistake for Laos applicants?

  MOU construction quotas fill early — Non-B path needs BOI or special ตท.3 endorsement.

• Q14364. Vietnam nationals applying for a Thai work permit — which police clearance is accepted?

  Origin certificate: Phiếu Lý lịch Tư pháp số 2. Translation route: native→TH. A sworn translator is not mandatory, but the translation must be certified per Department of Consular Affairs rules. The country of origin does not issue Apostilles — embassy legalisation is required. Note: the Apostille Convention does not enter into force for Thailand until 28 February 2027, so inbound documents still follow the current embassy/consular legalisation route.

• Q14366. How long does a Thai work permit take for Vietnam nationals?

  From our casework (estimates, not an authority-guaranteed timeline): new filing about 20 business days; renewal about 8 business days. Actual timing depends on Department of Employment queues and document completeness.

• Q14368. Most common filing mistake for Vietnam applicants?

  Only Type 2 judicial record is accepted; Type 1 (personal use) is generally refused.

• Q14370. Philippines nationals applying for a Thai work permit — which police clearance is accepted?

  Origin certificate: NBI Clearance (Multi-Purpose). Translation route: EN→TH. A sworn translator is not mandatory, but the translation must be certified per Department of Consular Affairs rules. The country of origin issues Apostilles. Note: the Apostille Convention does not enter into force for Thailand until 28 February 2027, so inbound documents still follow the current embassy/consular legalisation route.

• Q14372. How long does a Thai work permit take for Philippines nationals?

  From our casework (estimates, not an authority-guaranteed timeline): new filing about 15 business days; renewal about 7 business days. Actual timing depends on Department of Employment queues and document completeness.

• Q14374. Most common filing mistake for Philippines applicants?

  'Renewal' NBI slip is not accepted; must be 'Multi-Purpose Copy' + DFA Apostille.

• Q14376. Russia nationals applying for a Thai work permit — which police clearance is accepted?

  Origin certificate: МВД справка о несудимости. Translation route: native→TH. A sworn translation is required. The country of origin issues Apostilles. Note: the Apostille Convention does not enter into force for Thailand until 28 February 2027, so inbound documents still follow the current embassy/consular legalisation route.

• Q14378. How long does a Thai work permit take for Russia nationals?

  From our casework (estimates, not an authority-guaranteed timeline): new filing about 15 business days; renewal about 7 business days. Actual timing depends on Department of Employment queues and document completeness.

• Q14380. Most common filing mistake for Russia applicants?

  Russian Apostille is honoured but many OSSCs re-legalise via Thai MFA after translation.